Testosterone is converted in skin and scalp tissues into dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the 5-alpha reductase enzyme. DHT binds to hair follicles, which can shorten the hair growth cycle in men with a genetic sensitivity to androgenetic alopecia.
Elevated androgens also stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum, which can lead to clogged pores and acne, most commonly on the face, shoulders, back, and chest.
These dermatological effects are often dose-dependent. Maintaining testosterone within normal physiological ranges and avoiding excessive supra-therapeutic peaks helps minimize these side effects.
Risks and limitations
- Testosterone does not cause male pattern baldness in men who do not have the genetic predisposition for it, but it may slightly more thinning in those who do.
- If dermatological side effects develop, dose adjustments, topical treatments, or specific medical interventions can be considered under physician guidance.